Rise of data centers in India: A data center is a physical room, building or facility that houses IT infrastructure for building, running and delivering applications and services. A Strong data center infrastructure has become necessary due to India's expanding digital economy, which is fueled by rising internet penetration, digital commerce, online services, digital payments, … Continue reading From Data to Sustainability: India’s Data Centre Policies and Environmental Compliance Framework
The Envelope You Cannot Ignore: What to Do When a Court Summons Arrives
Understanding Summons, Deadlines and the Cost of Silence in Civil and Commercial Disputes 1. The envelope that arrives on an ordinary Tuesday Picture the owner of a mid-sized trading company. It is an ordinary Tuesday. Among the courier packets on the reception desk is one from a district court: thick, stamped and addressed to the … Continue reading The Envelope You Cannot Ignore: What to Do When a Court Summons Arrives
PHP2Shell and India’s Digital Public Infrastructure: A Security Bug That Is Also a Governance Test
Oct 27, 2026 · @DUCTUS LEGAL A warning India cannot treat as routine India's cyber agencies are racing to get two critical PHP flaws patched before attackers reach government and banking websites. CERT-In issued vulnerability note CIVN-2026-0510 on 21 October 2026, rated it CRITICAL, and said multiple reports confirm large-scale exploitation in the wild. Two … Continue reading PHP2Shell and India’s Digital Public Infrastructure: A Security Bug That Is Also a Governance Test
When Patents Become Gatekeepers: Balancing Innovation and Access
Imagine buying a smartphone, connecting it to a Wi-Fi network, or making a call over a 5G network. These activities seem ordinary, but they depend on technologies developed by numerous innovators. For different devices to communicate seamlessly, manufacturers must follow certain technical standards. Behind some of these standards lie patents that every manufacturer must use … Continue reading When Patents Become Gatekeepers: Balancing Innovation and Access
Service First, Limitation Later: Rethinking the Written Statement Deadline in Consumer Proceedings
Defective Service, Limitation and the Right to Defend in Banking and Real-Estate Consumer Disputes 1. The clock started. Or did it? Picture a homebuyer who files a consumer complaint against a developer and the housing finance company that funded the purchase. The complaint runs into hundreds of pages: allotment letters, builder-buyer agreements, loan documents, statements … Continue reading Service First, Limitation Later: Rethinking the Written Statement Deadline in Consumer Proceedings
CCD: THE STARTUP FUND RAISING STRATEGY
ABOUT CCD AND WHY CCD CCD (Compulsory Convertible Debenture) is one of the prime strategies among startups through which they raise funds without immediately diluting the equity rather startups convert this equity into share when they are raising substantial fund from any institution investor or family offices and in some circumstances HNI. Startups prefer CCD … Continue reading CCD: THE STARTUP FUND RAISING STRATEGY
Sound and Smell Marks: A New Era in India’s Trademark Law
Introduction India's intellectual property landscape is currently experiencing a significant paradigm shift, moving away from the nation's traditional reliance on textual and visual identifiers toward an immersive, multisensory framework for brand protection. The objectives of the Trademark Act are to safeguard consumers' rights and prevent potential confusion, while simultaneously protecting manufacturers or owners from unauthorized … Continue reading Sound and Smell Marks: A New Era in India’s Trademark Law
Understanding Derivative Action under the Companies Act, 2013
Introduction The Companies Act, 2013 provides multiple remedies to shareholders when corporate affairs are conducted improperly. However, not every wrongdoing can be addressed through the same legal route. One concept that is frequently misunderstood and often confused with class action proceedings is the derivative action. Indian courts and tribunals have consistently clarified that a derivative … Continue reading Understanding Derivative Action under the Companies Act, 2013
SME IPO in India: Regulatory Architecture, Profitability Threshold & Market Valuation Approach
Introduction Over the past decade, the SME listing route has transformed capital access for emerging Indian businesses. Instead of relying solely on private equity, debt funding, or promoter capital, growth-stage companies can now tap public markets through dedicated SME segments of recognized stock exchanges. In India, SME listings take place on: BSE SME Platform NSE … Continue reading SME IPO in India: Regulatory Architecture, Profitability Threshold & Market Valuation Approach
Understanding the Merger Cooperation Agreement
INTRODUCTION TO MERGER COOPERATION AGREEMENT When companies agree upon the scheme of compromise or arrangement between shareholders and company i.e. merger, in such case to define the road map of complete merger transaction, companies enter into the merger cooperation agreement. It is a pre-closing contract entered into between the companies that have agreed in principle … Continue reading Understanding the Merger Cooperation Agreement
